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  1. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

Meetings and Publications

Since its inception, NARMS has continued to expand and improve. Regular inter-agency meetings have been held, as well as periodic reviews from outside experts, to identify areas for improvement. The most recent meetings are listed below.

October 13-14, 2020 – The FDA will conduct a virtual public meeting entitled, “2020 Public Meeting of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.” The purpose of the NARMS Public Meeting 2020 is to share the NARMS Strategic Plan: 2021-2025 with stakeholders and to encourage discussion. A central theme of the new NARMS Strategic Plan is One Health, which is a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach to health—working at the local, regional, national, and global levels—with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment. In accord with the principles of One Health, NARMS is expanding its testing to include environmental water samples through a collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and animal pathogens through collaborations with FDA’s Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).

October 24-25, 2017 - The Food and Drug Administration, together with the NARMS partner agencies, will conduct a public meeting entitled “2017 Scientific Meeting of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.” The purpose of this meeting will be to summarize NARMS progress since its last public meeting, to present recommendations made by the recent FDA Science Board review of NARMS in 2017, and to explore new directions for NARMS within a One Health paradigm. Items that will be discussed during this meeting include an update on the development of new analytical and reporting tools, the latest advances in the use of DNA sequencing technologies, and new surveillance results.

June 26, 2017 – An external subcommittee was invited to review the NARMS program in 2017 and the results of their review were presented to the FDA Science Board Committee on June 26, 2017. The charge to the review committee was to provide recommendations regarding sampling strategies within a One Health paradigm, reporting antimicrobial sales and resistance data, and suitable ways to report whole genome sequence data and trends in the resistome. The recommendations were also presented at the 2017 Scientific Meeting of the National Antimicrobial Resistance System.

August 12-13, 2014 - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will conduct a public meeting entitled ‘‘2014 Scientific Meeting of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.’’ The purpose of this meeting will be to provide updates on progress of the NARMS 2012-2016 strategic plan, discuss possible future activities and receive comments for the official record. A number of items will be discussed including comparisons of new and old slaughter sampling methods, the role of NARMS in foodborne outbreaks, results of interagency research projects using advanced detection methods, and finally how these scientific advances impact FDA decision making.

December 4-6, 2013 - Representatives from the three participating NARMS agencies (FDA, CDC, USDA) met in Atlanta, Georgia to 1) review progress on the goals and objectives outlined in the NARMS 2012-2016 Strategic Plan and devise next steps; 2) explore ways that NARMS could build on the 2012-2016 Strategic Plan to address other public health needs and fill data gaps; and 3) discuss the potential impact of new laboratory advances on NARMS and determine a plan of action.

September 10-11, 2012 - NARMS held a Retail Meat Meeting in Silver Spring, Maryland. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the retail meat testing component of NARMS. This event brought together epidemiologists and microbiologists from the 14 states that participate in the NARMS Retail Meat Surveillance Program, along with representatives from the CDC, USDA, and the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). The goal of this meeting was to reflect on the successes and lessons learned from the past 10 years of retail meat surveillance and to plan and prioritize future work on NARMS.

July 20, 2011 - A public meeting was held in St. Louis, Missouri. The purpose of the meeting was to explore different animal and retail sampling strategies in an effort to modify the existing NARMS sampling scheme.

July 15-16, 2010 – A public meeting was held in Atlanta, Georgia. This meeting focused on activities in various national monitoring programs, ongoing research, and stakeholder perspectives on NARMS.

August 5-7, 2009 – NARMS partners attended a second meeting in Rockville, Maryland to report on progress, and to begin formalizing a Strategic Plan.

September 10-12, 2008 - NARMS partners held an inter-agency planning meeting in Athens, Georgia. This meeting was held to prioritize activities to address the Science Board subcommittee recommendations, and to implement measures to address them.

April 10, 2007 - An FDA Science Board subcommittee reviewed the NARMS program and made recommendations related to four areas of work: 1) sampling, 2) research, 3) international activities, and 4) data management and reporting. Included in the report was a recommendation to develop a long-range strategic plan.

June 23-24, 2005 - CVM met with outside experts in Rockville, Maryland to obtain individual authoritative opinions on key elements and future directions of the NARMS program.

Publications

Salmonella

  1. Folster J.P., Grass J.E., Bickenese A., Taylor J., Friedman C.R., Whichard J.M. Characterization Of Resistance Genes And Plasmids From Outbreaks And Illness Clusters Caused By Salmonella Resistant To Ceftriaxone In The United States, 2011¬–2012. Microb Drug Resist. 2017 Mar;23(2): 188¬–193.
  2. Hoffmann, M., Pettengill, J. B., Gonzalez-Escalona, N., Miller, J., Ayers, S. L., Zhao, S., Allard, M. W., McDermott, P. F., Brown, E. W. & Monday, S. R. 2017. Comparative Sequence Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant IncA/C Plasmids from Salmonella enterica. Front Microbiol, 8, 1459.
  3. Iwamoto, M., Reynolds, J., Karp, B. E., Tate, H., Fedorka-Cray, P. J., Plumblee, J. R., Hoekstra, R. M., Whichard, J. M. & Mahon, B. E. 2017. Ceftriaxone-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella from Humans, Retail Meats, and Food Animals in the United States, 1996-2013. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 14, 74-83.
  4. Karp, B. E., Tate, H., Plumblee, J. R., Dessai, U., Whichard, J. M., Thacker, E. L., Robertson Hale, K., Wilson, W., Friedman, C. R. , Griffin, P. M., & McDermott, P.F. 2017. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Two Decades of Advancing Public Health Through Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.Oct: 14(10):545-557.
  5. Tate, H., Folster, J. P., Hsu, C. H., Chen, J., Hoffmann, M., Li, C., Morales, C., Tyson, G. H., Mukherjee, S., Brown, A. C., Green, A., Wilson, W., Dessai, U., Abbott, J., Joseph, L., Haro, J., Ayers, S., McDermott, P. F. & Zhao, S. 2017. Comparative Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-beta-Lactamase CTX-M-65-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis Isolates from Humans, Food Animals, and Retail Chickens in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 61, AAC. 00488-17.
  6. Tyson, G. H., Tate, H. P., Zhao, S., Li, C., Dessai, U., Simmons, M. & McDermott, P. F. 2017. Identification of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Swine Ceca and Retail Pork Chops in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 61, AAC. 01318-17.
  7. Tyson, G. H., Zhao, S., Li, C., Ayers, S., Sabo, J. L., Lam, C., Miller, R. A. & McDermott, P. F. 2017. Establishing Genotypic Cutoff Values To Measure Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 61, e02140-16.
  8. Angelo K.M., Reynolds J., Karp B.E., Hoekstra R.M., Scheel C.M., Friedman C. Antimicrobial Resistance Among Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolated from Blood in the United States, 2003–2013. J Infect Dis. 2016 Nov 15; 214(10):1565-1570.
  9. Brown A., Grass J.E., Richardson L.C., Nisler A.L., Bicknese A.S., Gould L.H. Antimicrobial Resistance among Salmonella that Caused Foodborne Disease Outbreaks: United States, 2003–2012. Epidemiol Infect. 2016 Dec 06; 145(4):766–774.
  10. Cartwright E.J., Nguyen T., Melluso C., Ayers T., Lane C., Hodges A., Li X., Quammen J., Yendell S.J., Adams J., Mitchell J., Rickert R., Klos R., Williams I.T., Barton Behravesh C. A Multistate Investigation of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype I 4, [5],12:i:- Infections as Part of an International Outbreak Associated with Frozen Feeder Rodents. Zoonoses Public Health. 2016 Feb;63(1):62–71.
  11. Date K.A., Newton A.E., Medalla F., Blackstock A., Richardson L., Mccullough A., Mintz E.D., Mahon B.E. Changing Patterns In Enteric Fever Incidence And Increasing Antibiotic Resistance Of Enteric Fever Isolates In The United States, 2008–2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 1;63(3):322–9.
  12. Gieraltowski L., Higa J., Peralta V., Green A., Schwensohn C., Rosen H., Libby T., Kissler B., Marsden-Haug N., Booth H., Kimura A., Grass J., Bicknese A., Tolar B., Defibaugh-Chavez S., Williams I., Wise M. National Outbreak Of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to a Single Poultry Company. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 15;11(9):e0162369.
  13. Medalla F., Gu W., Mahon B.E., Judd M., Folster J., Griffin P.M., Hoekstra, R.M. Estimated Incidence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections in the United States, 2004–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. Dec 2016;23(1): 29–37.
  14. McDermott, P. F., Tyson, G. H., Kabera, C., Chen, Y., Li, C., Folster, J. P., Ayers, S. L., Lam, C., Tate, H. P. & Zhao, S. 2016. Whole-Genome Sequencing for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 60, 5515-20.
  15. Tadesse, D. A., Singh, A., Zhao, S., Bartholomew, M., Womack, N., Ayers, S., Fields, P. I. & McDermott, P. F. 2016. Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 60, 2567-71.
  16. Tyson, G. H., Li, C., Ayers, S., McDermott, P. F. & Zhao, S. 2016. Using whole-genome sequencing to determine appropriate streptomycin epidemiological cutoffs for Salmonella and Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 363, fnw009.
  17. Vieira, A. R., Grass, J., Fedorka-Cray, P. J., Plumblee, J. R., Tate, H. & Cole, D. J. 2016. Attribution of Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar infections using antimicrobial resistance data from two points in the food supply system. Epidemiol Infect, 144, 1983-90.
  18. Folster J.P., Campbell D., Grass J., Brown A.C., Bicknese A., Tolar B., Joseph L.A., Plumblee J.R., Walker C., Fedorka-Cray P.J., Whichard J.M. Identification and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serotype Albert Isolates in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 May;59(5):2774–9.
  19. Judd M.C., Grass J.E., Mintz E.D., Bicknese A., Mahon B.E. Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A Infections in Travelers Returning from Cambodia, United States [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Jun;21(6):1089–1091.
  20. Laufer As, Grass J, Holt K, Whichard Jm, Griffin Pm, Gould Lh. Outbreaks of Salmonella Infections Attributed to Beef — United States, 1973-2011. Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Jul;143(9):2003–13.
  21. Oneko M., Kariuki S., Muturi-Kioi V., Otieno K., Otieno V.O., Williamson J.M., Folster J., Parsons M.B., Slustsker L., Mahon B.E., Hamel M.J. Emergence of Community-Acquired, Multidrug-Resistant Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease in Rural Western Kenya, 2009–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61 Suppl 4:S310–6.
  22. Routh J.A., Pringle J., Mohr M., Bidol S., Arends K., Adams-Cameron M., Hancock W.T., Kissler B., Rickert R., Folster J., Tolar B., Bosch S., Barton Behravesh C., Williams I.T., Gieraltowski L. Nationwide Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Associated with Ground Turkey: United States, 2011. Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Apr 13;143:3227–3234
  23. Folster JP, Tolar B, Pecic G, Sheehan D, Rickert R, Hise K, Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, McDermott P, Whichard JM. Characterization of blaCMY plamids and their possible role in source attribution of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014;11(4):301-306. doi:10.1089/fpd.2013.1670.
  24. Krueger AL, Greene SA, Barzilay EJ, Henao O, Vugia D, Hanna S, Meyer S, Smith K, Pecic G, Hoefer D, Griffin PM. Clinical outcomes of nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, and multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infections compared with pansusceptible infections in FoodNet sites, 2006–2008. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014: 11(5): 335-341. doi:10.1089/fpd.2013.1642.
  25. O’Donnell AT, Vieira AR, Huang JY, Whichard JM, Cole D, Karp BE. Quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections associated with international travel. Clin Infect Dis. 2014: 59(9): e139-e141. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu505
  26. Rickert-Hartman R, Folster JP. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky sequence type 198. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014: 20(5): 910–911. doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131575
  27. Sjölund-Karlsson M, Howie RL, Crump JA, Whichard JM. Fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing of Salmonella enterica: detection of acquired resistance and selection of zone diameter breakpoints for levofloxacin and ofloxacin. J Clin Microbiol. 2014: 52(3): 877-887. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02679-13
  28. CDC. Outbreak of Salmonella Heidelberg infections linked to a single poultry producer –13 states, 2012-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jul; 62(27):553-6.
  29. Glenn LM, Lindsey RL, Folster JP, Pecic G, Boerlin P, Gilmour MW, Harbottle H, Zhao S, McDermott PF, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Frye JG. Antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from animals, retail meats, and humans in the United States and Canada. Microb Drug Resist. 2013 Jun;19(3):175-84.
  30. Medalla F, Hoekstra RM, Whichard JM, Barzilay EJ, Chiller TM, Joyce K, Rickert R, Krueger K, Stuart A, Griffin PM. Increase in resistance to ceftriaxone and nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and decrease in multidrug resistance among Salmonella strains, United States, 1996–2009. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2013;10
  31. Sjölund-Karlsson M, Howie RL, Blickenstaff K, Boerlin P, Ball T, Chalmers G, Duval B, Haro J, Rickert R, Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Whichard JM. Occurrence of beta-lactamase genes among non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolated from humans, food animals, and retail meats in the United States and Canada. Microbial drug resistance. 2013;19(3):191-7.
  32. Folster JP, Pecic G, Rickert R, Taylor J, Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, et al. Characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg from a ground turkey-associated outbreak in the United States in 2011. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Jun;56(6):3465-6.
  33. Folster JP, Pecic G, Singh A, Duval B, Rickert R, Ayers S, et al. Characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the United States 2009. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2012 Jul;9(7):638-45.
  34. Hoffmann M, Zhao S, Luo Y, Li C, Folster JP, Whichard J, et al. Genome sequences of five Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates associated with a 2011 multistate outbreak in the United States. J Bacteriol. 2012 Jun;194(12):3274-5.
  35. J. A. Crump, F. M. Medalla, K. W. Joyce, A. L. Krueger, R. M. Hoekstra, J. M. Whichard, and E. J. Barzilay. Antimicrobial resistance among invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates in the United States: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, 1996 to 2007. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 55 (3):1148-1154, 2011. PMID 21199924
  36. J. P. Folster, G. Pecic, A. McCullough, R. Rickert, and J. M. Whichard. Characterization of bla(CMY)-Encoding Plasmids Among Salmonella Isolated in the United States in 2007. Foodborne Pathog.Dis., 2011. PMID 21883005
  37. L. M. Glenn, R. L. Lindsey, J. F. Frank, R. J. Meinersmann, M. D. Englen, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and J. G. Frye. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes detected in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from food animals. Microb.Drug Resist. 17 (3):407-418, 2011. PMID 21457076
  38. R. L. Lindsey, J. G. Frye, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and R. J. Meinersmann. Microarray-based analysis of IncA/C plasmid-associated genes from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 77 (19):6991-6999, 2011. PMID 21841024
  39. F. Medalla, M. Sjolund-Karlsson, S. Shin, E. Harvey, K. Joyce, L. Theobald, B. N. Nygren, G. Pecic, K. Gay, J. Austin, A. Stuart, E. Blanton, E. D. Mintz, J. M. Whichard, and E. J. Barzilay. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi, United States, 1999-2008. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 17 (6):1095-1098, 2011. PMID 21749779
  40. M. Sjolund-Karlsson, K. Joyce, K. Blickenstaff, T. Ball, J. Haro, F. M. Medalla, P. Fedorka-Cray, S. Zhao, J. A. Crump, and J. M. Whichard. Antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin among Salmonella enterica isolates from the United States. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 55 (9):3985-3989, 2011. PMID 21690279
  41. M. Sjolund-Karlsson, R. Howie, A. Krueger, R. Rickert, G. Pecic, K. Lupoli, J. P. Folster, and J. M. Whichard. CTX-M-producing non-Typhi Salmonella spp. isolated from humans, United States. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 17 (1):97-99, 2011. PMID 21192864
  42. J. P. Folster, G. Pecic, S. Bolcen, L. Theobald, K. Hise, A. Carattoli, S. Zhao, P. F. McDermott, and J. M. Whichard. Characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated from humans in the United States. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 7 (2):181-187, 2010. PMID 19785533
  43. A. L. Green, D. A. Dargatz, B. A. Wagner, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, S. R. Ladely, and C. A. Kopral. Analysis of risk factors associated with Salmonella spp. isolated from U.S. feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 7 (7):825-833, 2010. PMID 20230269
  44. N. M. M'ikanatha, C. H. Sandt, A. R. Localio, D. Tewari, S. C. Rankin, J. M. Whichard, S. F. Altekruse, E. Lautenbach, J. P. Folster, A. Russo, T. M. Chiller, S. M. Reynolds, and P. F. McDermott. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from retail chicken meat compared with human clinical isolates. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 7 (8):929-934, 2010. PMID 20443729
  45. E. O'Regan, T. Quinn, J. G. Frye, J. M. Pages, S. Porwollik, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, M. McClelland, and S. Fanning. Fitness costs and stability of a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype in Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: reduced infectivity associated with decreased expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 genes. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 54 (1):367-374, 2010. PMID 19917752
  46. M. Sjolund-Karlsson, R. Howie, R. Rickert, A. Krueger, T. T. Tran, S. Zhao, T. Ball, J. Haro, G. Pecic, K. Joyce, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. M. Whichard, and P. F. McDermott. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates, USA. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 16 (11):1789-1791, 2010. PMID 21029547
  47. M. Sjolund-Karlsson, R. Rickert, C. Matar, G. Pecic, R. L. Howie, K. Joyce, F. Medalla, E. J. Barzilay, and J. M. Whichard. Salmonella Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the United States. Foodborne Pathog.Dis., 2010. PMID 20704496
  48. J. M. Whichard, F. Medalla, R. M. Hoekstra, P. F. McDermott, K. Joyce, T. Chiller, T. J. Barrett, and D. G. White. Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for predicting multidrug-resistant Salmonella recovered from retail meats and humans in the United States. J Food Prot. 73 (3):445-451, 2010. PMID 20202328
  49. M. A. Davis, J. Y. Lim, Y. Soyer, H. Harbottle, Y. F. Chang, D. New, L. H. Orfe, T. E. Besser, and D. R. Call. Development and validation of a resistance and virulence gene microarray targeting Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. J Microbiol Methods 82 (1):36-41, 2010. PMID 20362014
  50. J. P. Folster, R. Rickert, E. J. Barzilay, and J. M. Whichard. Identification of the aminoglycoside resistance determinants armA and rmtC among non-Typhi Salmonella isolates from humans in the United States. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 53 (10):4563-4564, 2009. PMID 19596870
  51. W. F. Fricke, P. F. McDermott, M. K. Mammel, S. Zhao, T. J. Johnson, D. A. Rasko, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, A. Pedroso, J. M. Whichard, J. E. Leclerc, D. G. White, T. A. Cebula, and J. Ravel. Antimicrobial resistance-conferring plasmids with similarity to virulence plasmids from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky isolates from poultry. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 75 (18):5963-5971, 2009. PMID 19648374
  52. R. S. Hendriksen, A. M. Seyfarth, A. B. Jensen, J. Whichard, S. Karlsmose, K. Joyce, M. Mikoleit, S. M. DeLong, F. X. Weill, A. Aidara-Kane, D. M. Lo Fo Wong, F. J. Angulo, H. C. Wegener, and F. M. Aarestrup. Results of use of WHO Global Salm-Surv external quality assurance system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella isolates from 2000 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol. 47 (1):79-85, 2009. PMID 19020068
  53. R. L. Lindsey, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. G. Frye, and R. J. Meinersmann. Inc A/C plasmids are prevalent in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 75 (7):1908-1915, 2009. PMID 19181840
  54. P. Petrov, R. S. Hendriksen, T. Kantardjiev, G. Asseva, G. Sorensen, P. Fields, M. Mikoleit, J. Whichard, J. R. McQuiston, M. Torpdahl, F. M. Aarestrup, and F. J. Angulo. Occurrence and characterization of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 9,12:l,v:- strains from Bulgaria, Denmark, and the United States. Eur.J Clin.Microbiol Infect.Dis. 28 (5):473-479, 2009. PMID 18998175
  55. M. Sjolund-Karlsson, J. P. Folster, G. Pecic, K. Joyce, F. Medalla, R. Rickert, and J. M. Whichard. Emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in the United States. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 53 (5):2142-2144, 2009. PMID 19223618
  56. X. Xia, S. Zhao, A. Smith, J. McEvoy, J. Meng, and A. A. Bhagwat. Characterization of Salmonella isolates from retail foods based on serotyping, pulse field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic properties. Int.J Food Microbiol. 129 (1):93-98, 2009. PMID 19068272
  57. B. Yang, J. Zheng, E. W. Brown, S. Zhao, and J. Meng. Characterisation of antimicrobial resistance-associated integrons and mismatch repair gene mutations in Salmonella serotypes. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 33 (2):120-124, 2009. PMID 19013057
  58. S. Zhao, K. Blickenstaff, A. Glenn, S. L. Ayers, S. L. Friedman, J. W. Abbott, and P. F. McDermott. beta-Lactam resistance in salmonella strains isolated from retail meats in the United States by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System between 2002 and 2006. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 75 (24):7624-7630, 2009. PMID 19854922
  59. J. Zheng, S. Cui, and J. Meng. Effect of transcriptional activators RamA and SoxS on expression of multidrug efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrEF in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. J Antimicrob.Chemother. 63 (1):95-102, 2009. PMID 18984645
  60. J. A. Crump, K. Kretsinger, K. Gay, R. M. Hoekstra, D. J. Vugia, S. Hurd, S. D. Segler, M. Megginson, L. J. Luedeman, B. Shiferaw, S. S. Hanna, K. W. Joyce, E. D. Mintz, and F. J. Angulo. Clinical response and outcome of infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: a United States foodnet multicenter retrospective cohort study. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 52 (4):1278-1284, 2008. PMID 18212096
  61. A. Douris, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and C. R. Jackson. Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Agona slaughter isolates from the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): 1997 through 2003. Microb.Drug Resist. 14 (1):55-63, 2008. PMID 18321206
  62. S. Egorova, M. Timinouni, M. Demartin, S. A. Granier, J. M. Whichard, V. Sangal, L. Fabre, A. Delaune, M. Pardos, Y. Millemann, E. Espie, M. Achtman, P. A. Grimont, and F. X. Weill. Ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella enterica serotype Newport, France. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 14 (6):954-957, 2008. PMID 18507913
  63. J. G. Frye, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, C. R. Jackson, and M. Rose. Analysis of Salmonella enterica with reduced susceptibility to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone isolated from U.S. cattle during 2000-2004. Microb.Drug Resist. 14 (4):251-258, 2008. PMID 19025468
  64. S. K. Greene, A. M. Stuart, F. M. Medalla, J. M. Whichard, R. M. Hoekstra, and T. M. Chiller. Distribution of multidrug-resistant human isolates of MDR-ACSSuT Salmonella Typhimurium and MDR-AmpC Salmonella Newport in the United States, 2003-2005. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 5 (5):669-680, 2008. PMID 18851677
  65. S. K. Gupta, F. Medalla, M. W. Omondi, J. M. Whichard, P. I. Fields, P. Gerner-Smidt, N. J. Patel, K. L. Cooper, T. M. Chiller, and E. D. Mintz. Laboratory-based surveillance of paratyphoid fever in the United States: travel and antimicrobial resistance. Clin Infect.Dis. 46 (11):1656-1663, 2008. PMID 18422453
  66. P. Kaldhone, R. Nayak, A. M. Lynne, D. E. David, P. F. McDermott, C. M. Logue, and S. L. Foley. Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg from turkey-associated sources. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 74 (16):5038-5046, 2008. PMID 18586966
  67. A. M. Lynne, B. S. Rhodes-Clark, K. Bliven, S. Zhao, and S. L. Foley. Antimicrobial resistance genes associated with Salmonella enterica serovar newport isolates from food animals. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 52 (1):353-356, 2008. PMID 17967918
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  14. J. R. Johnson, J. S. McCabe, D. G. White, B. Johnston, M. A. Kuskowski, and P. McDermott. Molecular Analysis of Escherichia coli from retail meats (2002-2004) from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Clin Infect.Dis. 49 (2):195-201, 2009. PMID 19508167
  15. J. I. Lundin, D. A. Dargatz, B. A. Wagner, J. E. Lombard, A. E. Hill, S. R. Ladely, and P. J. Fedorka-Cray. Antimicrobial drug resistance of fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from United States dairy cows. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 5 (1):7-19, 2008. PMID 18260811
  16. A. Wagner, B. E. Straw, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and D. A. Dargatz. Effect of antimicrobial dosage regimen on Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from feeder swine. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 74 (6):1731-1739, 2008. PMID 18223115
  17. I. Feder, J. T. Gray, R. A. Pearce, P. M. Fratamico, E. Bush, A. Porto-Fett, F. M. Wallace, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and J. B. Luchansky. Testing of swine feces obtained through the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Food Prot. 70 (6):1489-1492, 2007. PMID 17612081
  18. P. F. McDermott, L. M. McMurry, I. Podglajen, J. L. Dzink-Fox, T. Schneiders, M. P. Draper, and S. B. Levy. The marC gene of Escherichia coli is not involved in multiple antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 52 (1):382-383, 2008. PMID 17954692
  19. J. Zheng, S. Cui, L. D. Teel, S. Zhao, R. Singh, A. D. O'Brien, and J. Meng. Identification and characterization of Shiga toxin type 2 variants in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, food, and humans. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 74 (18):5645-5652, 2008. PMID 18658282
  20. S. Chen, S. Zhao, P. F. McDermott, C. M. Schroeder, D. G. White, and J. Meng. A DNA microarray for identification of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella serovars and Escherichia coli. Mol.Cell Probes 19 (3):195-201, 2005. PMID 15797820
  21. E. L. Hannah, F. J. Angulo, J. R. Johnson, B. Haddadin, J. Williamson, and M. H. Samore. Drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Rural Idaho. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 11 (10):1614-1617, 2005. PMID 16318708
  22. R. Singh, C. M. Schroeder, J. Meng, D. G. White, P. F. McDermott, D. D. Wagner, H. Yang, S. Simjee, C. Debroy, R. D. Walker, and S. Zhao. Identification of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli recovered from humans and food animals. J Antimicrob.Chemother. 56 (1):216-219, 2005. PMID 15911552
  23. S. Zhao, J. J. Maurer, S. Hubert, J. F. De Villena, P. F. McDermott, J. Meng, S. Ayers, L. English, and D. G. White. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Vet.Microbiol. 107 (3-4):215-224, 2005. PMID 15863280
  24. S. L. Foley, S. Simjee, J. Meng, D. G. White, P. F. McDermott, and S. Zhao. Evaluation of molecular typing methods for Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle, food, and humans. J Food Prot. 67 (4):651-657, 2004. PMID 15083714
  25. H. Yang, S. Chen, D. G. White, S. Zhao, P. McDermott, R. Walker, and J. Meng. Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens and swine in China. J Clin Microbiol. 42 (8):3483-3489, 2004. PMID 15297487
  26. C. M. Schroeder, D. G. White, B. Ge, Y. Zhang, P. F. McDermott, S. Ayers, S. Zhao, and J. Meng. Isolation of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from retail meats purchased in Greater Washington, DC, USA. Int.J Food Microbiol. 85 (1-2):197-202, 2003. PMID 12810283
  27. K. M. Bischoff, D. G. White, P. F. McDermott, S. Zhao, S. Gaines, J. J. Maurer, and D. J. Nisbet. Characterization of chloramphenicol resistance in beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in neonatal swine. J Clin Microbiol. 40 (2):389-394, 2002. PMID 11825947
  28. A. M. Schroeder, C. Zhao, C. Debroy, J. Torcolini, S. Zhao, D. G. White, D. D. Wagner, P. F. McDermott, R. D. Walker, and J. Meng. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from humans, cattle, swine, and food. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 68 (2):576-581, 2002. PMID 11823193
  29. C. M. Schroeder, J. Meng, S. Zhao, C. Debroy, J. Torcolini, C. Zhao, P. F. McDermott, D. D. Wagner, R. D. Walker, and D. G. White. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O128, and O145 from animals and humans. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 8 (12):1409-1414, 2002. PMID 12498656
  30. D. G. White, S. Zhao, P. F. Mc\Dermott, S. Ayers, S. Gaines, S. Friedman, D. D. Wagner, J. Meng, D. Needle, M. Davis, and C. Debroy. Characterization of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli O111 isolates of animal and human origin. Microb.Drug Resist. 8 (2):139-146, 2002. PMID 12118519
  31. S. Zhao, D. G. White, B. Ge, S. Ayers, S. Friedman, L. English, D. Wagner, S. Gaines, and J. Meng. Identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 67 (4):1558-1564, 2001. PMID 11282605
  32. D. G. White, C. Hudson, J. J. Maurer, S. Ayers, S. Zhao, M. D. Lee, L. Bolton, T. Foley, and J. Sherwood. Characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in Escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol. 38 (12):4593-4598, 2000. PMID 1110160

Campylobacter

  1. Tyson, G. H., Tate, H. P., Abbott, J., Tran, T. T., Kabera, C., Crarey, E., Young, S., McDermott, P. F., Sprague, G., Campbell, M., Adeyemo, O., Browne-Silva, J., Myers, M., Thitaram, S. & Zhao, S. 2016. Molecular Subtyping and Source Attribution of Campylobacter Isolated from Food Animals. J Food Prot, 79, 1891-1897
  2. Zhao, S., Mukherjee, S., Chen, Y., Li, C., Young, S., Warren, M., Abbott, J., Friedman, S., Kabera, C., Karlsson, M. & McDermott, P. F. 2015. Novel gentamicin resistance genes in Campylobacter isolated from humans and retail meats in the USA. J Antimicrob Chemother, 70, 1314-21.
  3. Zhao, S., Tyson, G. H., Chen, Y., Li, C., Mukherjee, S., Young, S., Lam, C., Folster, J. P., Whichard, J. M. & McDermott, P. F. 2015. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Accurately Predicts Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes in Campylobacter spp. Appl Environ Microbiol, 82, 459-66.
  4. Ge B, Wang F, Sjolund-Karlsson M, McDermott PF. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter: Susceptibility testing methods and resistance trends. J Microbiol Methods. 2013;95(1):57-67.
  5. Pittenger, L.G., J.G. Frye, V. McNerney, J. Reeves, J. Haro, P.J. Fedorka-Cray, M.A. Harrison, M.D. Englen. 2012. Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Whole Genome DNA Microarrays: Significance of Prophage and Hypervariable Regions for Discriminating Isolates. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. May;9(5):473-479.
  6. S. Thakur, S. Zhao, P. F. McDermott, H. Harbottle, J. Abbott, L. English, W. A. Gebreyes, and D. G. White. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotypic profile comparison of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 7 (7):835-844, 2010. PMID 20367499
  7. S. Zhao, S. R. Young, E. Tong, J. W. Abbott, N. Womack, S. L. Friedman, and P. F. McDermott. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from retail meat in the United States between 2002 and 2007. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 76 (24):7949-7956, 2010. PMID 20971875
  8. S. R. Ladely, R. J. Meinersmann, M. D. Englen, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and M. A. Harrison. 23S rRNA gene mutations contributing to macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 6 (1):91-98, 2009. PMID 19014274
  9. L. G. Pittenger, M. D. Englen, C. T. Parker, J. G. Frye, B. Quinones, S. T. Horn, I. Son, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and M. A. Harrison. Genotyping Campylobacter jejuni by comparative genome indexing: an evaluation with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and flaA SVR sequencing. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 6 (3):337-349, 2009. PMID 19272009
  10. S. Thakur, D. G. White, P. F. McDermott, S. Zhao, B. Kroft, W. Gebreyes, J. Abbott, P. Cullen, L. English, P. Carter, and H. Harbottle. Genotyping of Campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Appl.Microbiol. 106 (5):1722-1733, 2009. PMID 19226383
  11. J. Zheng, J. Meng, S. Zhao, R. Singh, and W. Song. Campylobacter-induced interleukin-8 secretion in polarized human intestinal epithelial cells requires Campylobacter-secreted cytolethal distending toxin- and Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. Infect.Immun. 76 (10):4498-4508, 2008. PMID 18644884
  12. M. D. Englen, A. E. Hill, D. A. Dargatz, S. R. Ladely, and P. J. Fedorka-Cray. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in US dairy cattle. J Appl.Microbiol. 102 (6):1570-1577, 2007. PMID 17578422
  13. C.R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, N. Wineland, J. D. Tankson, J. B. Barrett, A. Douris, C. P. Gresham, C. Jackson-Hall, B. M. McGlinchey, and M. V. Price. Introduction to United States Department of Agriculture VetNet: status of Salmonella and Campylobacter databases from 2004 through 2005. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 4 (2):241-248, 2007. PMID 17600492
  14. J. M. Nelson, T. M. Chiller, J. H. Powers, and F. J. Angulo. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry: a public health success story. Clin Infect.Dis. 44 (7):977-980, 2007. PMID 17342653
  15. A. Ge, W. Girard, S. Zhao, S. Friedman, S. A. Gaines, and J. Meng. Genotyping of Campylobacter spp. from retail meats by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping. J Appl.Microbiol. 100 (1):175-184, 2006. PMID 16405698
  16. T. W. Jesse, M. D. Englen, L. G. Pittenger-Alley, and P. J. Fedorka-Cray. Two distinct mutations in gyrA lead to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens and beef cattle. J Appl.Microbiol. 100 (4):682-688, 2006. PMID 16553723
  17. T. W. Jesse, L. G. Pittenger-Alley, and M. D. Englen. Sequence analysis of two cryptic plasmids from an agricultural isolate of Campylobacter coli. Plasmid 55 (1):64-69, 2006. PMID 16120460
  18. T. Luangtongkum, T. Y. Morishita, A. J. Ison, S. Huang, P. F. McDermott, and Q. Zhang. Effect of conventional and organic production practices on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in poultry. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 72 (5):3600-3607, 2006. PMID 16672508
  19. W. G. Miller, M. D. Englen, S. Kathariou, I. V. Wesley, G. Wang, L. Pittenger-Alley, R. M. Siletz, W. Muraoka, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, and R. E. Mandrell. Identification of host-associated alleles by multilocus sequence typing of Campylobacter coli strains from food animals. Microbiology 152 (Pt 1):245-255, 2006. PMID 16385134
  20. J. Zheng, J. Meng, S. Zhao, R. Singh, and W. Song. Adherence to and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from retail meat products. J Food Prot. 69 (4):768-774, 2006. PMID 16629018
  21. M. D. Englen, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, S. R. Ladely, and D. A. Dargatz. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter from feedlot cattle*. J Appl.Microbiol. 99 (2):285-291, 2005. PMID 16033459
  22. B.Ge, P. F. McDermott, D. G. White, and J. Meng. Role of efflux pumps and topoisomerase mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 49 (8):3347-3354, 2005. PMID 16048946
  23. P. F. McDermott, S. M. Bodeis-Jones, T. R. Fritsche, R. N. Jones, and R. D. Walker. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and the determination of quality control ranges for fourteen antimicrobial agents. J Clin Microbiol. 43 (12):6136-6138, 2005. PMID 16333113
  24. P. F. McDermott, S. M. Bodeis, F. M. Aarestrup, S. Brown, M. Traczewski, P. Fedorka-Cray, M. Wallace, I. A. Critchley, C. Thornsberry, S. Graff, R. Flamm, J. Beyer, D. Shortridge, L. J. Piddock, V. Ricci, M. M. Johnson, R. N. Jones, B. Reller, S. Mirrett, J. Aldrobi, R. Rennie, C. Brosnikoff, L. Turnbull, G. Stein, S. Schooley, R. A. Hanson, and R. D. Walker. Development of a standardized susceptibility test for campylobacter with quality-control ranges for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and meropenem. Microb.Drug Resist. 10 (2):124-131, 2004. PMID 15256027
  25. J. M. Nelson, K. E. Smith, D. J. Vugia, T. Rabatsky-Ehr, S. D. Segler, H. D. Kassenborg, S. M. Zansky, K. Joyce, N. Marano, R. M. Hoekstra, and F. J. Angulo. Prolonged diarrhea due to ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter infection. J Infect.Dis. 190 (6):1150-1157, 2004. PMID 15319866
  26. A. Gupta, J. M. Nelson, T. J. Barrett, R. V. Tauxe, S. P. Rossiter, C. R. Friedman, K. W. Joyce, K. E. Smith, T. F. Jones, M. A. Hawkins, B. Shiferaw, J. L. Beebe, D. J. Vugia, T. Rabatsky-Ehr, J. A. Benson, T. P. Root, and F. J. Angulo. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains, United States, 1997-2001. Emerg.Infect.Dis. 10 (6):1102-1109, 2004. PMID 15207064
  27. A. Ge, D. G. White, P. F. McDermott, W. Girard, S. Zhao, S. Hubert, and J. Meng. Antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter species from retail raw meats. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 69 (5):3005-3007, 2003. PMID 12732579
  28. A. Ge, S. Bodeis, R. D. Walker, D. G. White, S. Zhao, P. F. McDermott, and J. Meng. Comparison of the Etest and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter. J Antimicrob.Chemother. 50 (4):487-494, 2002. PMID 12356792
  29. M. D. Lee, S. Sanchez, M. Zimmer, U. Idris, M. E. Berrang, and P. F. McDermott. Class 1 integron-associated tobramycin-gentamicin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from the broiler chicken house environment. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 46 (11):3660-3664, 2002. PMID 12384387
  30. P. F. McDermott, S. M. Bodeis, L. L. English, D. G. White, R. D. Walker, S. Zhao, S. Simjee, and D. D. Wagner. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni evolves rapidly in chickens treated with fluoroquinolones. J Infect.Dis. 185 (6):837-840, 2002. PMID 119203

Shigella

  1. Bowen A., Grass J., Bicknese A., Campbell D., Hurd J., Kirkcaldy R. Elevated Risk for Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant Shigella Infection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, United States, 2011–2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Sep; 22(9):1613–1616.
  2. Bowen A., Hurd J., Hoover C., Khachadourian Y., Traphagen E., Harvey E., Libby T., Ehlers S., Ongpin M., Norton J.C., Bicknese A., Kimura A. Importation and Domestic Transmission of Shigella Sonnei Resistant to Ciprofloxacin—United States, May 2014-February 2015. MMWR. 2015 Apr 3;64(13):318–20.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: Shigella with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin among men who have sex with men—United States, 2002–2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(06):132–33.
  4. Heiman KE, Grass JE, Sjölund-Karlsson M, Bowen A. Shigellosis with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014: 3(11): 1204–1205. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000397.
  5. Sjölund-Karlsson M, Bowen A, Reporter R, Folster JP, Grass JE, Howie RL, Taylor J, Whichard JM. Outbreak of infections caused by Shigella sonnei with reduced susceptibility to azithromycin in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(3):1559-1560.
  6. J. P. Folster, G. Pecic, A. Bowen, R. Rickert, A. Carattoli, and J. M. Whichard. Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin among Shigella Isolates in the United States, 2006 to 2009. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 55 (4):1758-1760, 2011. PMID 21220535
  7. J. P. Folster, G. Pecic, A. Krueger, R. Rickert, K. Burger, A. Carattoli, and J. M. Whichard. Identification and characterization of CTX-M-producing Shigella isolates in the United States. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 54 (5):2269-2270, 2010. PMID 20211893
  8. R. L. Howie, J. P. Folster, A. Bowen, E. J. Barzilay, and J. M. Whichard. Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility in Shigella sonnei, United States. Microb.Drug Resist., 2010. PMID 20624094
  9. S. Sivapalasingam, J. M. Nelson, K. Joyce, M. Hoekstra, F. J. Angulo, and E. D. Mintz. High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Shigella isolates in the United States tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 50 (1):49-54, 2006. PMID 16377666

Vibrio

  1. Katz LS, Petkau A, Beaulaurier J, Tyler S, Antonova ES, Turnsek MA, Guo Y, Wang S, Paxinos EE, Orata F, Gladney LM, Stroika S, Folster JP, Rowe L, Freeman MM, Knox N, Frace M, Boncy J, Graham M, Hammer BK, Boucher Y, Bashir A, Hanage WP, Van Domselaar G, Tarr CL. Evolutionary dynamics of Vibrio cholerae O1 following a single-source introduction to Haiti. MBio. 2013;4(4): e00398-13.

Enterococcus

  1. Tyson GH., Nyirabahizi, E., Crarey, E., Kabera, C. Lam, C. Rice-Trujillo C, McDermott PF, Tate H. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Retail Meats in the United States, 2002-2014. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017. Oct 13. PMID: 29030448
  2. Jackson, C.R., Kariyawasam, S., Borst, L.B., Frye, J.G., Barrett, J.B., and Hiott, L.M., and Woodley, T.A. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants, and genetic profiles of clinical and non-clinical Enterococcus cecorum from poultry. Letters in Appl. Microbiol. 60(2):111-119. 2015.
  3. C. R. Jackson, J. E. Lombard, D. A. Dargatz, and P. J. Fedorka-Cray. Prevalence, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from US dairy cattle. Lett.Appl.Microbiol 52 (1):41-48, 2011. PMID 21114506
  4. A. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, L. M. Hiott, and T. A. Woodley. First report of vatB and vgaB from Enterococcus gallinarum in the USA. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 31 (2):175-176, 2008. PMID 18006282
  5. C. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, L. M. Hiott, and T. A. Woodley. Prevalence of streptogramin resistance in enterococci from animals: identification of vatD from animal sources in the USA. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 30 (1):60-66, 2007. PMID 17532190
  6. S. Simjee, P. F. McDermott, D. G. White, C. Hofacre, R. D. Berghaus, P. J. Carter, L. Stewart, T. Liu, M. Maier, and J. J. Maurer. Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of antimicrobial-resistance genes among Enterococcus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates recovered from poultry litter. Avian Dis. 51 (4):884-892, 2007. PMID 18251398
  7. S. M. Donabedian, M. B. Perri, D. Vager, E. Hershberger, P. Malani, S. Simjee, J. Chow, E. N. Vergis, R. R. Muder, K. Gay, F. J. Angulo, P. Bartlett, and M. J. Zervos. Quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from humans, farm animals, and grocery store meat in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 44 (9):3361-3365, 2006. PMID 16954273
  8. S. Simjee, Y. Zhang, P. F. McDermott, S. M. Donabedian, M. J. Zervos, and J. Meng. Heterogeneity of vat(E)-carrying plasmids in Enterococcus faecium recovered from human and animal sources. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 28 (3):200-205, 2006. PMID 16911866
  9. A. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, and S. R. Ladely. High-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci isolated from swine. Epidemiol Infect. 133 (2):367-371, 2005. PMID 15816164
  10. C. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, M. C. Jackson-Hall, and L. M. Hiott. Effect of media, temperature and culture conditions on the species population and antibiotic resistance of enterococci from broiler chickens. Lett.Appl.Microbiol 41 (3):262-268, 2005. PMID 16108918
  11. P. F. McDermott, P. Cullen, S. K. Hubert, S. D. McDermott, M. Bartholomew, S. Simjee, and D. D. Wagner. Changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of native Enterococcus faecium in chickens fed virginiamycin. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 71 (9):4986-4991, 2005. PMID 16151077
  12. C. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, and S. R. Ladely. Effects of tylosin use on erythromycin resistance in enterococci isolated from swine. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 70 (7):4205-4210, 2004. PMID 15240302
  13. C. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, and S. R. Ladely. Genetic relatedness of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry carcasses. Avian Dis. 48 (1):100-107, 2004. PMID 15077803
  14. J. R. Hayes, L. L. English, P. J. Carter, T. Proescholdt, K. Y. Lee, D. D. Wagner, and D. G. White. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus species isolated from retail meats. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 69 (12):7153-7160, 2003. PMID 14660361
  15. S. Simjee, D. G. White, J. Meng, D. D. Wagner, S. Qaiyumi, S. Zhao, J. R. Hayes, and P. F. McDermott. Prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area. J Antimicrob.Chemother. 50 (6):877-882, 2002. PMID 12461007
  16. S. Simjee, D. G. White, P. F. McDermott, D. D. Wagner, M. J. Zervos, S. M. Donabedian, L. L. English, J. R. Hayes, and R. D. Walker. Characterization of Tn1546 in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from canine urinary tract infections: evidence of gene exchange between human and animal enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 40 (12):4659-4665, 2002. PMID 12454168
  17. S. Simjee, D. G. White, D. D. Wagner, J. Meng, S. Qaiyumi, S. Zhao, and P. F. McDermott. Identification of vat(E) in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from retail poultry and its transferability to Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 46 (12):3823-3828, 2002. PMID 12435683
  18. L. C. McDonald, S. Rossiter, C. Mackinson, Y. Y. Wang, S. Johnson, M. Sullivan, R. Sokolow, E. DeBess, L. Gilbert, J. A. Benson, B. Hill, and F. J. Angulo. Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens. N Engl.J Med 345 (16):1155-1160, 2001. PMID 11642231
  19. S. Simjee, P. F. McDermott, D. D. Wagner, and D. G. White. Variation within the vat(E) allele of Enterococcus faecium isolates from retail poultry samples. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 45 (10):2931-2932, 2001. PMID 11557494

Antimicrobial Use/Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring

  1. P. Gerner-Smidt and J. M. Whichard. Foodborne disease trends and reports. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. 7 (6):609-611, 2010. PMID 20518696
  2. F. J. Angulo, N. L. Baker, S. J. Olsen, A. Anderson, and T. J. Barrett. Antimicrobial use in agriculture: controlling the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans. Semin Pediatr.Infect.Dis. 15 (2):78-85, 2004. PMID 15185190
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