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  1. Total Diet Study

Total Diet Study Publications

CFSAN/Office of Analytics and Outreach 

  • Adams, Michael A., P. Michael Bolger, and Ellis L. Gunderson (1994). Dietary Intake and Hazards of Arsenic. In 'Arsenic Exposure and Health', Willard R. Chappell, Charles O. Abernathy, and C. Richard Cothern (ed); Science and Technology Letters
  • Adams, M. A. (1991). FDA Total Diet Study: Dietary Intakes of Lead and Other Chemicals. Chem. Speciat. Bioavail. (1991) 3(3/4), 37-41.
  • Allegrini, M., K.W. Boyer, and J.T. Tanner (1981). Neutron Activation Analysis of Total Diet Food Composites for Iodine. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 64: 1111-1115.
  • Anderson, D.L., W.C. Cunningham, and T.R. Lindstrom (1994). Concentrations and Intakes of H, B, S, K, Na, Cl, and NaCl in Foods. J. Food Compos. Anal. 7:59-82.
  • Baczynskyj, W.M. and N.J. Yess (1995). U.S. Food and Drug Administration Monitoring of Lead in Domestic and Imported Ceramic Dinnerware. JAOAC International 78(3):610-614.
  • Beloian, A. (1985). Use of Food Consumption Model to Estimate Human Contaminant Intake Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2(1-2): 115-127.
  • Bolger, P.M. (1998). Methylmercury and Fish - Risks and Benefits. Health and Environment Digest 12(5): 37-39.
  • Bolger, P. Michael, Norma J. Yess, Ellis L. Gunderson, Terry C. Troxell and Clark D. Carrington (1996). Identification and Reduction of Sources of Dietary Lead in the United States. Food Addit. Contam. 13(1), 53-60.
  • Bolger, P. Michael, Clark D. Carrington, Stephen G. Capar and Michael A. Adams (1991). Reductions in Dietary Lead Exposure in the United States. Chem. Speciat. Bioavail. 3(3/4), 31-36.
  • Stephanie Briguglio, Stuart Chirtel, Judith Spungen, P. Isaac Rabbani, Dana Hoffman-Pennesi, and Mark Wirtz. (2015). Sodium Trends in Selected U.S. Total Diet Study Foods, 2003-2011. Procedia Food Science. 4, 27-38.
  • Capar, S.G. and W.C. Cunningham (2000). Element and Radionuclide Concentrations in Food - FDA Total Diet Study 1991-1996. JAOAC 83(1):157-177.
  • Capar, S.G. and N.J. Yess (1996). U.S. Food and Drug Administration Survey of Cadmium, Lead and Other Elements in Clams and Oysters. Food Additives and Contaminants 13(5): 553-560.
  • Capar, S.G. (1995). Lead in Food: Occurrence and Analytical Methodology. In Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Laboratory Issues in Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. Atlanta, GA, May 18-20.
  • Capar, S.G. (1991). Analytical Method Aspects of Assessing Dietary Intake of Trace Elements. In Biological Trace Elements Research. ACS Symposium Series No. 445. American Chemical Society.
  • Capar, S.G. (1990). Survey of Lead and Cadmium in Adult Canned Foods Eaten by Young Children. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 73(3):357-364.
  • Capar, S.G. and E.J. Rigsby (1989). Survey of Lead in Canned Evaporated Milk. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 72(3):416-417.
  • Carrington, Clark D., Daniel M. Sheehan and P. Michael Bolger (1993). Hazard Assessment of Lead. Food Addit. Contam. 10 (3), 325-335.
  • Carrington, Clark D. and P. Michael Bolger (1992). An Assessment of the Hazards of Lead in Food. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 16, 265-272.
  • Corneliussen, P. E. (1970). Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples (V). Pestic. Monit. J. 4, 89-105.
  • Cunningham, William C., David L. Anderson, and Edmond J. Baratta (1994). Radionuclides in Domestic and Imported Foods in the United States, 1987-1992. J. AOAC Int. 77(6), 1422-1427
  • Cunningham, William C., William B. Stroube, and Edward J. Baratta (1989). Radionuclides in Domestic and Imported Foods in the United States, 1983-1986. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 72, 15-18.
  • Egan, S.K., P.M. Bolger, and C.D. Carrington (2007). Update of the US FDA's Total Diet Study Food List and Diets. JESEE 2007(17):573-582.
  • Egan, S.K., S.S-H. Tao, J.A.T. Pennington, and P.M. Bolger (2002). U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: intake of nutritional and toxic elements, 1991-96. Food Additives and Contaminants 19(2):103-125.
  • Egan, K. (2002). FDA's Total Diet Study: Monitoring U.S. Food Supply Safety. Food Safety Magazine June-July: 10-15+.
  • Eheart, J.F. and Mason, B.S. (1964). Total Diet Study: Carbohydrate Content and Methodology. JAOAC 47(5):823-826.
  • Farley,Dixie (1998). Dangers of Lead Still Linger. FDA Consumer 32(1), 16-21.
  • Marcia J. Gartrell, John C. Craun, David S. Podrebarac, and Ellis L. Gunderson (1986). Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Infant and Toddler Total Diet Samples, October 1980-March 1982. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 69, 123-145.
  • Marcia J. Gartrell, John C. Craun, David S. Podrebarac, and Ellis L. Gunderson 1986). Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Adult Total Diet Samples, October 1980-1982. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 69, 146-161.
  • Marcia J. Gartrell, John C. Craun, David S. Podrebarac, and Ellis L. Gunderson (1986). Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Adult Total Diet Samples, October 1979-September 1980. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 68, 1184-1197.
  • Marcia J. Gartrell, John C. Craun, David S. Podrebarac, and Ellis L. Gunderson (1985). Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Infant and Toddler Total Diet Samples, October 1978-September 1979. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 68, 842-861.
  • Marcia J. Gartrell, John C. Craun, David S. Podrebarac, and Ellis L. Gunderson (1985). Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Adult Total Diet Samples, October 1978-September 1979. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 68, 862-875.
  • Marcia J. Gartrell, John C. Craun, David S. Podrebarac, and Ellis L. Gunderson (1985). Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Infant and Toddler Total Diet Samples, October 1979-September 1980. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 68, 1163-1183.
  • Ellis L. Gunderson (1995). Dietary Intakes of Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals: FDA Total Diet Study, June 1984-April 1986. J. AOAC Int. 78(4), 910-921.
  • Gunderson, E.L. (1995). FDA Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, Dietary Intakes of Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals. JAOAC 78(6):1353-1363.
  • Gunderson, E.L. (1988). FDA Total Diet Study, April 1982-April 1984, Dietary Intakes of Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals. JAOAC 7(6):1200-1209.
  • Dana Hoffman-Pennesi, Judith Spungen, P. Isaac Rabbani, Stephanie Briguglio, and Mark Wirtz. (2015). Evaluation of U.S. Total Diet Study Data on Selenium. Procedia Food Science. 4, 79-85.
  • Iyengar, G.V., W.R. Wolf, J.T. Tanner, and E.R. Morris (2000). Content of minor and trace elements, and organic nutrients in representative mixed total diet composites from the USA. The Science of the Total Environment 256:215-226.
  • C. F. Jelinek and P. E. Corneliussen (1977). Levels of Arsenic in the United States Food Supply. Environ. Health Perspect. 19, 83-87.
  • Johnson, R.D. and Manske, D.D (1976). Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples (IX). Pestic. Monit. J. 9(4):157-169.
  • FDA website: FDA's Watchful Eye on the American Diet (posted June 2007)
  • Laug, E.P. and Dimitroff, J.M. (1964). Radioactivity in Total Diet Samples. JAOAC 47(5):821-823.
  • Laug, E.P., Mikalis, A., Bollinger, H.M., Dimitroff, J.M.; (B) Deutsch, M.J., Duffy, D., Pillsbury, H.C., & Loy, H.W.; (C) Mills, P.A. (1963.). Total Diet Study: A. Strontium-90 and Cesium-137 Content. B. Nutrient Content. C. Pesticide Content.
  • Lombardo, P. (1986). The FDA Total Diet Study Program. Proceedings of the Symposium on Exposure Measurement and Evaluation Methods for Epidemiology. 190th National Meeting of the ACS, Chicago, IL. September 8-13, p 141-148.
  • Mahaffey, K.R., Corneliussen, P.E., Jelinek, C.F., and Fiorino, J.A. (1975). Environmental Health Perspectives 12:63-69.
  • Manske, D.D. and Johnson, R.D. (1975). Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples (VIII). Pestic. Monit. J. 9(2):94-105.
  • Manske, D.D. and P. E. Corneliussen (1974). Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples (VII). Pestic. Monit. J. 8, 110-124.
  • Matsumoto, H., Murakami, Y., Kuwabara, K., Tanaka, R., & Kashimoto, T., (1987). Average daily intake of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in total diet samples in Osaka, Japan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38(6), 954-958.
  • Park, Youngmee, B.F. Harland, J.E. Vanderveen, and F.R. Shank (1981). Estimation of dietary iodine intake of Americans in recent years. JADA 79(1): 17-24.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (2000). Total Diet Studies - Experiences in the United States. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 13: 539-544.
  • Pennington, J.A.T., S.G. Capar, and C.H. Parfait (1996). History of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study (Part II), 1987-1993. JAOAC 79(1):163-170.
  • J. A. T. Pennington, S. A. Schoen, G. D. Salmon, B. Young, R. D. Johnson, and R. W. Marts (1995). Composition of Core Foods of the U. S. Food Supply, 1982-1991. I. Sodium, Phosphorus, and Potassium. J. Food Compos. Anal. 8, 91-128.
  • Pennington, J.A.T., S.A. Schoen, G.D. Salmon, B. Young, R.D. Johnson, and R.W. Marts (1995). Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991. II. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc. J of Food Composition and Analysis 8:129-169.
  • J. A. T. Pennington, S. A. Schoen, G. D. Salmon, B. Young, R. D. Johnson, and R. W. Marts (1995). Composition of Core Foods of the U. S. Food Supply, 1982-1991. III. Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Iodine. J. Food Compos. Anal. 8, 171-217.
  • Pennington, J.A.T., and Schoen, S.A., Estimates of Dietary Exposure to Aluminum, Food Addit. Contam. (1995) 12(1), 119-128.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1994). The Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: History, Methodology, and Results. Presented at the International Meeting on Pesticide Residues '94, November 28-29, Almeria.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1992). Revision of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study Food List and Diets, 1990. Appendices. PB 92-176239/AS. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1992). The 1990 Revision of the FDA Total Diet Study. J. of Nutr. Educ. 24(4):173-178.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1992). Nutritional elements of the Total Diet Study. Health Media of America 10(5): 39-40.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1992). Total diet studies: the identification of core foods in the United States food supply. Food Additives and Contaminants 9(3):253-264.
  • J. A. T. Pennington (1991). Silicon in Foods and Diets. Food Addit. Contam. 8(1), 97-118.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington and Barbara E. Young (1991). Total Diet Study Nutritional Elements, 1982-1989. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 91(2), 179-183.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1990). A review of iodine toxicity reports. JADA 90(11):1571-1581.
  • J. A. T. Pennington and B. Young (1990). Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium in Foods from the United States Total Diet Study. J. Food Compos. Anal. 3, 145-165.
  • J. A. T. Pennington and B. Young (1990). Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Iodine in Foods from the United States Total Diet Study. J. Food Compos. Anal. 3, 166-184.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. and D.B. Wilson (1990). Daily intakes of nine nutritional elements: Analyzed vs. calculated values. JADA 90(3):375-381.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1990). Iodine concentrations in US milk: Variation due to time, season and region. J. Dairy Sci. 73:3421-3427.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington, Barbara E. Young, and Dennis B. Wilson (1989). Nutritional Elements in U. S. Diets: Results from the Total Diet Study, 1982 to 1986. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 89(5), 659-664.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington and John W. Jones (1989). Dietary Intake of Aluminum. n Aluminum and Health - A Critical Review (1989) Hillel J. Gitelman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 67-100.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington (1988). Iodine. In Trace Minerals in Foods, Kenneth T. Smith (Ed.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., pages 249-289.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington (1988). Aluminum Content of Foods and Diets. Food Addit. Contam. 5, 161-232.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington and John W. Jones (1987). Molybdenum, Nickel, Cobalt, Vanadium, and Strontium in Total Diets. J Am. Diet. Assoc. 87, 1644-1650.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. and E.L. Gunderson (1987). History of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study - 1961 to 1987. JAOAC 70(5):772-782.
  • Pennington, J.A.T., D.B. Wilson, B.E. Young, R.D. Johnson, and J.E. Vanderveen (1987). Mineral content of market samples of fluid whole milk. JADA 87(8):1036-1042.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington, Barbara E. Young, Dennis B. Wilson, Roger D. Johnson, and John E. Vanderveen (1986). Mineral Content of Foods and Total Diets: The Selected Minerals in Foods Survey, 1982 to 1984. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. (1986) 86, 876-891.
  • Jean A. T. Pennington, Dennis B. Wilson, Richard F. Newell, Barbara F. Harland, Roger D. Johnson, John E. Vanderveen (1984). Selected Minerals in Foods Surveys, 1974-1981/82. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 84, 771-782.
  • Pennington, J.A.T. (1983). Revision of the Total Diet Study food list and diets. JADA 82(2):166-173.
  • J. A. T. Pennington (1981). Documentation for the Revised Total Diet Study: Food List and Diets. NTIS PB82-192154 (May 1981).
  • Roy, R.R., P.Wilson, R.R. Laski, J.I. Roberts, J.A. Weishaar, R.L. Bong, and N.J. Yess (1997). Monitoring of Domestic and Imported Apples and Rice by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Programs. Journal of the AOAC International 80(4):883-8
  • Simpson, R.E., F.G.D. Shuman, E.J. Baratta, and J.T. Tanner (1981). Survey of Radionuclides in Foods, 1961-77. Health Physics 40:529-534.
  • Stroube, W.B., C.F. Jelinek, and E.J. Baratta (1985). Survey of Radionuclides in Foods, 1978-82. Health Physics 49:731-735.
  • Tao, S.H. and P.M. Bolger (1999). Dietary Arsenic Intake in the United States: FDA Total Diet Study, September 1991- December 1996. Food Additives and Contaminants 16(11):465-472.
  • Taylor, Flora (1981). Iodine: Going from Hypo to Hyper. FDA Consumer April, pp 15-18.
  • Tollefson, L. and F. Cordle (1986). Methylmercury in Fish: A Review of Residue Levels, Fish Consumption and Regulatory Action in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives 68: 203-208.
  • Williams, S. (1964). Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples. JAOAC 47(5):815-821.
  • Wolnik, K.A., F.L. Fricke, S.G. Capar, G.L. Braude, M.W. Meyer, R.D. Satzger, E. Bonnin, and C.M. Gaston (1985). Elements in Major Raw Agricultural Crops in the United States. 3. Cadmium, Lead and Eleven Other Elements in Carrots, Field Corn, Onions, R
  • Wolnik, K.A., F.L. Fricke, S.G. Capar, G.L. Braude, M.W. Meyer, R.D. Satzger, and E. Bonnin (1983). Elements in Major Raw Agricultural Crops in the United States. 1. Cadmium and Lead in Lettuce, Peanuts, Potatoes, Soybeans, Sweet Corn, and Wheat. Jour
  • Wolnik, K.A., F.L. Fricke, S.G. Capar, G.L. Braude, M.W. Meyer, R.D. Satzger, and R.W. Kuennen (1983). Elements in Major Raw Agricultural Crops in the United States. 2. Other Elements in Lettuce, Peanuts, Potatoes, Soybeans, Sweet Corn, and Wheat. Jou
  • Wood, Garnett E., K. Egan, and Y. Lee (2001). U.S. Food and Drug Administration's monitoring and surveillance programs for mycotoxins, pesticides and contaminants in food. J. Environ. Monit. 2001(3):79N-83N,
  • Yess, N.J. (1995). US Food & Drug Administration Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Foods. Pestic Outlook 6:28-31.
  • Yess, N.J., E.L.Gunderson and R.R. Roy (1993). U.S. Food and Drug Administration Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Infant Foods and Adult Foods Eaten by Infants/Children. JAOAC 76(3): 492-507.
  • Yess, N.J. (1993). U.S. Food and Drug Administration Survey of Methyl Mercury in Canned Tuna. JAOAC International 76(1): 36-38.
  • Yess, N.J., M.G. Houston, and E.L. Gunderson (1991). Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Residue Monitoring of Foods: 1983-1986. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 74(2):273-280.

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