Investigations of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks
Note: Not all recalls and alerts result in an outbreak of foodborne illness. Check recent Food Recalls and Safety Alerts.
The following is a list of outbreak and adverse event investigations primarily being managed by FDA’s CORE Response Teams. The investigations are in a variety of stages, meaning that some have limited information, while others may be near completion.
A public health advisory will be issued for investigations that have resulted in specific, actionable steps for consumers to take to protect themselves. Please direct your attention to those pages for the most up to date information on the investigation and for consumer protection information.
Outbreak and adverse event investigations that do not result in specific, actionable steps for consumers may or may not conclusively identify a source or reveal any contributing factors. Adverse event investigations rely on self-reported data. Although these reports may name a particular product, FDA will only indicate a product category in the table and will not publicly name a specific product until there is sufficient evidence to implicate that product as a cause of illnesses or adverse events. If a cause and/or contributing factors are identified that could inform future prevention, FDA commits to providing a summary of those findings.
What's New
- A new outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in raw cheddar cheese has been added to the table. A recall was initiated and an outbreak advisory was issued.
- For the outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes (ref #1214) linked to queso fresco and cotija cheese, the outbreak advisory has been updated to include additional downstream recalls.
- For the investigation of elevated lead levels in Cinnamon Applesauce Pouches (ref # 1198) the advisory was updated to include investigation updates.
Active Investigations
Date Posted |
Reference # |
Pathogen or Cause of Illness |
Product(s) Linked to Illnesses (if any) |
Total Case Count |
Investigation Status |
Outbreak/ Event Status |
Recall Initiated |
Traceback Initiated |
On-Site Inspection Initiated |
Sample Collection & Analysis Initiated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2/20/2024 | 1215 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Raw cheddar cheese |
See Advisory |
Active |
Ongoing See |
See Advisory |
✔ | ||
1/24/2024 | 1214 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Queso Fresco and Cotija Cheese |
See Advisory |
Active | Ongoing See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
11/8/2023 | 1198 | Elevated Lead & Chromium Levels |
Apple |
See Advisory |
Active | Ongoing See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Closed Investigations
Date Posted |
Reference # |
Pathogen or Cause of Illness |
Product(s) Linked to Illnesses (if any) |
Total Case Count |
Investigation Status |
Outbreak/ Event Status |
Recall Initiated |
Traceback Initiated |
On-Site Inspection Initiated |
Sample Collection & Analysis Initiated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12/6/2023 | 1205 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Not Identified |
3 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
11/22/2023 | 1201 | Salmonella Newport |
Not Identified |
45 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
11/22/2023 | 1203 | Salmonella Sundsvall and Oranienburg |
Cantaloupe | See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | |
11/15/2023 | 989 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Peaches, Plums, and Nectarines |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | |
11/15/2023 | 1192 | E. coli O103 |
Not |
12 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
11/1/2023 | 1195 | E. coli O121:H19 |
Not Identified |
37 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
10/4/2023 | 1190 | Salmonella Thompson |
Onions | See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
8/30/2023 | 1179 | Salmonella Newport |
Watermelon and Cantaloupe |
11 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
8/30/2023 | 1174 | Cryptosporidium | Not Identified |
11 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
8/9/2023 | 1172 | Ice Cream |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
7/26/2023 | 1171 | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Not Identified |
59 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
7/26/2023 | 1165 | E. coli O26 |
Not Identified |
13 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
7/12/2023 | 1166 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
12 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
7/6/2023 | 1163 | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Not Identified |
140 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
6/14/2023 | 1159 | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Not Identified |
72 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
6/14/2023 | 1157 | Salmonella Paratyphi B var. L(+) tartrate+ |
Pico de Gallo |
37 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
5/24/2023 | 1156 | Salmonella Enteritidis |
Raw Cookie Dough |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
5/24/2023 | 1155 | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Broccoli | 20 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
4/26/2023 | 1152 | Not Identified |
Morel Mushroom |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ||
3/29/2023 | 1141 | Salmonella Infantis |
Raw Flour |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
3/8/2023 | 1144 | Salmonella Hartford |
Not Identified |
54 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
3/1/2023 | 1143 | Hepatitis A Virus |
Frozen Strawberries |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
2/15/2023 | 1123 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Leafy Greens |
See CDC Notice |
Closed | Ended See CDC Notice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Date Posted |
Reference # |
Pathogen or Cause of Illness |
Product(s) Linked to Illnesses (if any) |
Total Case Count |
Investigation Status |
Outbreak/ Event Status |
Recall Initiated |
Traceback Initiated |
On-Site Inspection Initiated |
Sample Collection & Analysis Initiated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12/28/2022 | 1137 | Salmonella Typhimurium |
Alfalfa Sprouts |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
11/16/2022 | 1113 | Salmonella Typhimurium |
Not Identified |
274 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
11/9/2022 | 1127 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Enoki Mushrooms |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
10/24/2022 | 1121 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
11 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
10/12/2022 | 1115 | E. coli O121:H19 |
Frozen Falafel |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
9/28/2022 |
1105 | Salmonella Litchfield |
Seafood | See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
9/14/2022 | 1106 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Brie and Camembert Cheese |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
8/31/2022 | 1097 | Salmonella Mississippi |
Not Identified |
103 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
8/17/2022 | 1095 | Salmonella Typhimurium |
Cantaloupe | 87 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
8/17/2022 | 1087 | Salmonella Senftenberg |
Not Identified |
35 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
8/17/2022 |
1081 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
See CDC Notice |
Closed |
Ended |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
8/3/2022 | 1080 | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Not Identified |
84 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
7/27/2022 | 1084 | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Not Identified |
43 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
6/29/2022 | 1076 | Not Identified |
Frozen Food |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
6/22/2022 | 1075 | Salmonella Braenderup |
Not Identified |
75 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
6/22/2022 | 1072 | Salmonella Paratyphi B var. L(+) tartrate+ |
Not Identified |
14 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
6/15/2022 | 1070 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Not Identified |
12 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
6/8/2022 | 1068 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
10 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
6/1/2022 | 1066 | Strawberries | See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | |||
5/25/2022 | 1067 |
Salmonella |
Peanut Butter |
See Advisory |
Closed |
Ended |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
4/20/2022 |
1064 | None Identified |
Dry Cereal |
558 adverse event reports |
Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
4/13/2022 | 1057 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Ice Cream |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | |
3/30/2022 | 1060 | None Identified |
Meal Replacement Drink |
6 adverse event reports |
Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ||
3/16/2022 | 1055 | Salmonella Saintpaul |
Not Identified |
60 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
2/17/2022 | 1056 | Cronobacter sakazakii |
Powdered Infant Formula |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
2/9/2022 | 1040 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Not Identified |
20 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
2/2/2022 | 1054 | Enteroinvasive E. coli O143:H26 |
Not Identified |
16 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
1/10/22 | 1050 | E. coli O121:H19 |
Romaine | 4 | Closed | Ended | ✔ | |||
Date Posted |
Reference # |
Pathogen or Cause of Illness |
Product(s) Linked to Illnesses (if any) |
Total Case Count |
Investigation Status |
Outbreak Status |
Recall Initiated |
Traceback Initiated |
On-Site Inspection Initiated |
Sample Collection & Analysis Initiated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12/29/2021 | 1052 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Packaged Salad |
See Advisory |
Closed |
Ended |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
12/20/2021 | 1039 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Packaged Salad |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
12/15/2021 | 1048 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Packaged Salad |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
11/24/2021 | 1044 | Salmonella Javiana |
Cut Cantaloupe |
65 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
11/17/2021 | 1043 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Spinach | See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
10/6/2021 | 1029 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Not Identified |
20 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
9/15/2021 | 1031 | Salmonella Oranienburg |
Red, Yellow, and White Onions |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
9/15/2021 | 1025 | Salmonella Thompson |
Seafood | See Advisory |
Closed |
Ended |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
8/11/2021 | 1026 | Cyclospora | Not Identified2 |
401 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
7/14/2021 | 1019 | Salmonella Typhimurium |
Salad Greens |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
7/14/2021 | 1020 | Cyclospora | Not Identified2 |
1301 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
7/14/2021 | 1010 | E. coli O121 |
Cake Mix |
See CDC Notice |
Closed | Ended See CDC Notice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
6/9/2021 |
1007 |
Salmonella |
Shrimp | See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ||
4/21/2021 | 1003 | Salmonella | Cashew Brie |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
4/28/2021 | 1004 | E. coli O145:H28 |
Not Identified |
16 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
3/17/2021 | 999 | Acute Non-viral Hepatitis |
Alkaline Bottled Water |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | |
2/17/2021 | 995 | Listeria monocytogenes |
Hispanic -style fresh and soft cheese |
See Advisory |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | |
2/17/2021 | 994 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
See CDC Notice |
Closed | Ended See CDC Notice |
✔ | |||
1/13/2021 | 990 |
Salmonella |
Not Identified |
65 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ |
1 This cluster represents a subset of the total number of domestically-acquired cases of cyclosporiasis cases in the U.S.
2 Based on CDC’s epidemiological investigation of two large multistate outbreaks of cyclosporiasis, ill people reported eating a variety of leafy greens before becoming sick. For both investigations, CDC, FDA, and state and local partners conducted epidemiologic and traceback investigations and collected and analyzed product and environmental samples. All samples collected were reported as negative for Cyclospora. Due to the lack of additional detail in the epidemiological data and the absence of supporting evidence collected from traceback and sample collection, FDA could not identify a specific product as the source of either outbreak.
Date Posted |
Reference # |
Pathogen or Cause of Illness |
Product(s) Linked to Illnesses (if any) |
Total Case Count |
Investigation Status |
Outbreak Status |
Recall Initiated |
Traceback Initiated |
On-Site Inspection Initiated |
Sample Collection & Analysis Initiated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12/23/2020 | 11 | Salmonella Potsdam |
Not Identified |
7 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
11/18/2020 | E-441626 |
E. coli |
Leafy Greens |
Closed |
Ended |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||
11/18/2020 | 5 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
Closed |
Ended |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||
11/18/2020 | 7 | E. coli O157:H7 |
Not Identified |
Closed | Ended See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||
11/18/2020 | E-439945 | Salmonella Newport |
Not Identified |
80 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
11/18/2020 | 4 | Salmonella Paratyphi B |
Not Identified |
18 | Closed |
Ended |
✔ | ✔ | ||
11/18/2020 | E-442972 | Salmonella Thompson |
Not Identified |
34 | Closed | Ended See Advice |
✔ | |||
11/18/2020 | E-435502 | Salmonella Enteritidis |
Peaches | Closed | Ended See Advisory |
See Advisory |
✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Related Links
Table Definitions
Date Posted: Date the investigation is posted to the table. This happens once CORE begins to actively coordinate an investigation. In collaboration with federal and state partners, CORE initiates response activities to control the outbreak or adverse events.
Reference Number: This number is assigned to incidents that CORE is working on. Each foodborne illness investigation on the table will have a unique reference number and this is provided to help users of this table differentiate between investigations. Those reference numbers beginning with an “E” have carried over from an older numbering system that will not be used by CORE in the future.
Pathogen or Cause of Illness: A bacterium, virus, other microorganism, toxin, or other contaminant that can cause disease.
Product(s) Linked to Illnesses (if any): During an outbreak or adverse event investigation, the FDA and CDC, along with state and local authorities collect and analyze three types of information: epidemiological information, laboratory analyses of food and/or samples taken from food production environments, and traceback investigation findings. Each outbreak or adverse event is unique and the information available to investigators varies from outbreak to outbreak – however, through rigorous analysis of the information collected, investigators are often able to identify a likely or confirmed food source of an outbreak or adverse events. It is important to note that before a specific food is linked to an outbreak or adverse events, the investigation of a commodity or a specific food by the FDA, CDC and state and local partners does not mean that the food is the cause of an outbreak or adverse events. In many cases the investigation is also looking to rule out specific foods even as it identifies the particular suspect. If there is evidence that a specific food is linked to illnesses, it will be reflected here and health authorities will warn the public about that food.
Total Case Count: Updated weekly. For outbreak investigations, the case count is provided to the FDA by the CDC. Case counts are dynamic and the exact number of illnesses constantly changes during an investigation. This number is provided in order to provide an estimate of the size of an outbreak each week. In the case of adverse event investigations, FDA will provide the number of adverse events that have been self-reported by consumers to FDA consumer complaint coordinators and the CFSAN Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS), which could include duplicate reports. More formalized data will be published in CDC Investigation Notices or in FDA and CDC advisories, should they be posted.
Investigation Status: Communicates whether this outbreak is still under investigation by CORE or the investigational activities have ended. Options for this column would be either “Active” or “Closed”. At times an FDA investigation may be active after an outbreak has ended.
Outbreak/Event Status: Communicates whether this outbreak or series of adverse event reports is ongoing or has ended.
Recall Initiated: A recall occurs when a firm takes a product off the market because there is reason to believe that it may cause consumers to become ill. In some situations, FDA may request the company recall a potentially contaminated food. In other situations, FDA may issue a mandatory recall if there is a reasonable probability that the food is adulterated under certain FDA authorities, and that the food could cause serious illnesses or death.
Traceback Initiated: Used to identify the source and distribution of the implicated food and remove the contaminated product from the marketplace, to distinguish between two or more implicated food products, and to determine potential routes and/or sources of contamination in order to help prevent future illnesses. For additional information, see How the FDA Uses Traceback to Respond to Foodborne Illness Outbreaks.
On-site Inspection Initiated: Includes, among other things, a review of operational processes and samples are collected from food products or the environments where the food was grown, processed, transported or stored (countertops, equipment, bins etc.).
Collection & Analysis of Samples Initiated: collection and analysis of samples for the presence or absence of a pathogen in a food or in the environment surrounding the food.
Who to Contact if you Have Symptoms of Foodborne Illness
Consumers who have symptoms of foodborne illness should contact their health care provider to report their symptoms and receive care.
To report a complaint or adverse event (illness or serious allergic reaction), you have three choices:
- Call an FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinator if you wish to speak directly to a person about your problem.
- Complete an electronic Voluntary MedWatch form online.
- Complete a paper Voluntary MedWatch form that can be mailed to FDA.
Visit www.fda.gov/fcic for additional consumer and industry assistance.