MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
ON
Sustainability of Federal Collaboration on Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water
BETWEEN THE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
OFFICE OF WATER (OW)
AND THE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE (ARS)
AND THE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA)
AND THE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR (DOI)
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (USGS)

I.  Purpose  
This four-Party Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) establishes a formal mechanism among the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/OW), the US Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS), the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS/FDA), and the US Department of Interior (DOI/USGS), (collectively the ‘Parties’), to improve and sustain federal coordination and collaboration on issues related to pharmaceuticals in drinking water. This agreement is a renewal of a 2012 MOU with the same purpose and Parties. 

II. Authorities
This MOU is signed by the USGS pursuant to the Organic Act of 1879, 43 U.S.C. 31 et seq and 43 U.S.C. 36c. This MOU is signed by the EPA pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act, Section 1442 and 1457, and the Clean Water Act, Section 104. This MOU is signed by the FDA pursuant to the National Environmental Protection Act, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Sections 505, 512, and 1003 (21 U.S.C. 355, 360b, and 393), the Public Health Service Act, section 351 (42 U.S.C. 262), and 21 C.F.R. 20.85.  This MOU is signed by the ARS pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq), and the Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.).

III. Background 
National and regional studies by the USGS, EPA, and others have detected pharmaceuticals in source water, treated drinking water, and treated wastewater; but the full extent of occurrence is unknown. The concentrations detected for any one pharmaceutical were measured most frequently in parts per trillion. The human health effects of exposure to these concentrations of pharmaceuticals in drinking water is still unclear. However, the potential effects of some compounds (e.g., antibiotics and endocrine disruptors) have raised concerns among some stakeholders across research, public, and policy sectors.  

This action is a renewal of a 2012 MOU among EPA, FDA, USGS, and USDA on the topic of pharmaceuticals in drinking water, initiated in response to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, “Action Needed to Sustain Agencies’ Collaboration on Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water.” In that report, the GAO requested that EPA establish a formal mechanism for federal agencies to collaborate and coordinate research on pharmaceuticals and, as appropriate, other contaminants in drinking water that present the greatest public health concern. EPA responded by establishing an interagency workgroup on pharmaceuticals in drinking water. The workgroup has continued to be active since 2012. The purpose of this MOU is to renew the formal collaboration mechanism.

IV. Provisions of MOU 
A.  Establishment of Steering Committee and Workgroup
Collaborative efforts of the Parties will be coordinated by a Steering Committee, consisting of one or two representatives from each Party. The Steering Committee will be jointly responsible for the establishment of an interagency workgroup and for activities such as scheduling and organizing workgroup meetings and/or other events, responding to GAO, and coordinating efforts designed to ensure that the mission of this agreement is advanced. The workgroup will consist of representatives from the Parties and other federal agencies with responsibilities to address issues related to the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and sources of drinking water.  

B.  Scope of Workgroup Activities
The scope of workgroup activities will encompass a broad range of topics related to pharmaceuticals in water that may be of interest to any subset of agencies on the workgroup. These activities will include, but are not limited to, sharing information on health effects (such as pharmaceutical biological activity and toxicology) and occurrence (sources, fate and transport) that could support scientific analyses and assist in informing policy decisions, interagency planning meetings and public scientific conferences, as well as coordination of joint studies to investigate pharmaceuticals and other related contaminants in the environment and biological outcomes related to exposure. This workgroup may also provide a means to facilitate interagency consultation on implications of research and analyses derived from shared information.

C.  Sharing Confidential and Other Non-Public Information
The Parties will share information consistent with applicable statutes and regulations. The Parties recognize that exchange of information containing any of the following types of information must be protected from unauthorized use and disclosure:  (1) confidential commercial information, such as the information that would be protected from public disclosure pursuant to Exemption 4 of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA); (2) personal privacy information, such as the information that would be protected from public disclosure pursuant to Exemption 6 or 7(C) of the FOIA; or (3) information that is otherwise protected from public disclosure by Federal statutes and their implementing regulations (e.g., Trade Secrets Act (18 USC 1905)), the Privacy Act (5 USC 552a), other Freedom of Information Act exemptions not mentioned above (5 USC 552(b)), the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 USC 301 et seq.), and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Pub. L. 104-191).  Pursuant to Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act section 301(j) (21 USC 331(j)), FDA will not reveal to any Party any method or process which is entitled to protection as a trade secret.

Access to the confidential and other non-public information shared under this MOU shall be restricted to authorized federal employees, agents, and officials who require access to perform their official duties in accordance with the uses of information as authorized by this MOU.  Such authorized personnel shall be advised of (1) the confidential nature of the information; (2) safeguards required to protect the information, and (3) the administrative, civil, and criminal penalties for noncompliance contained in applicable Federal laws.

The Parties agree to promptly notify the other agencies of any actual or suspected unauthorized disclosure of the confidential and other non-public information shared under this MOU.

If an agency in receipt of information under this MOU receives a FOIA request for confidential and other non-public information, it will refer the request to the agency where the information originated for the latter agency to respond directly to the requestor regarding the release-ability of the information at issue.  In such cases, the agency making the referral will notify the requestor that a referral has been made and that a response will be issued directly from the other agency.

D.  Procedures for Inter-Agency Sharing of Confidential and other Non-Public Information 
To the extent confidential and other non-public information will be shared pursuant to this MOU, the Parties agree to follow all procedures set forth in law or regulation for sharing such information, in addition to the procedures outlined below. Procedures for sharing confidential and other non-public information amongst workgroup members will be handled separately. 

a. The requesting Party will agree in writing, by using the attached model request letter (or a reasonable, mutually agreed upon letter variation), not to disclose any shared non-public information in any manner not authorized by law or regulation, including disclosure in publications and public meetings. To the extent any confidential business information will be shared by EPA pursuant to this MOU, then any such written request submitted to EPA for this information must contain all substantive requirements of 40 C.F.R. § 2.209(c). Any disclosure of confidential or nonpublic information by FDA must comply with 21 C.F.R. § 20.85.

b. The sharing Party will include a transmittal letter along with any agency information shared.  The transmittal letter will indicate the type of information (e.g., confidential commercial information, personal privacy, pre-decisional, etc.).  A model transmittal letter is attached.  The shared documents containing non-public information should be stamped “Do not disclose without permission of FDA/ [or] [Insert Name of Participating Party]” whichever is applicable.  

c. The requesting Party will limit the dissemination of shared non-public information it receives to internal unit offices and/or employees that have been identified in its written request.  If the requesting Party determines that employees other than those identified in the original request have a need to know the requested information, then an update to the request letter will be supplied to the sharing Party before the requesting Party distributes the information to those employees.  The unit official who signs the request letter will be responsible for ensuring that there are no inappropriate recipients of the information.

d. The requesting Party will promptly notify the contact person or designee of the sharing Party of any attempt by a third Party to obtain shared non-public information by compulsory process, including, but not limited to, a FOIA request, subpoena, discovery request, or litigation complaint or motion.

e. If the requesting Party wishes to disclose shared information that the sharing Party has designated as non-public, the requesting Party will ask the sharing Party whether the information’s non-public status has changed, and if so, will first obtain written confirmation and permission from the sharing Party before disclosing that information.  

f. If the requesting Party receives a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for shared information, the requesting Party will:  (a) refer the FOIA request to the information-sharing contact person or designee for the sharing Party to respond directly to the FOIA requester regarding the release-ability of the information, and (b) notify the FOIA requester of the referral and that a response will issue directly from the sharing Party.  The requesting Party will leave all final disclosure decisions up to the sharing Party, including decisions on whether the records are responsive and whether they must be disclosed.   

g. The requesting Party will notify the sharing Party before complying with any judicial order that compels the release of shared non-public information, so that the Parties may determine the appropriate measures to take, including, where appropriate, legal action.”

E.  Dissemination of Workgroup Findings
The Parties agree that the public dissemination of workgroup findings should clearly indicate that the dissemination: 1) does not necessarily represent the position of the workgroup as a whole (unless there is a clear, verifiable consensus); and 2) that the dissemination does not necessarily represent or constitute the policy of any of the agencies Party to this agreement. The Parties will obtain prior approval of all press releases, published advertisements, or other statements intended for the public that refer to or are made in the name of the workgroup.

V. Duration of MOU  
This MOU, when accepted by the named Parties, will become effective when signed by all Parties and will continue in effect for a five year period from the date of the latest signature unless the Parties decide otherwise in writing, and may be modified by mutual written consent at any time.  Any Party may withdraw from this MOU by providing written notice to the other Parties. The MOU will be modified to reflect this change and be effective upon the sixtieth (60) calendar day following notice, unless a later date is set forth.  The protection of shared information shall survive the termination of this MOU or a Party’s withdrawal from the workgroup. The Parties agree to evaluate the MOU at least once in the five-year period of the MOU at which time the Parties may agree to continue, modify, or cancel the MOU.  This MOU may be modified or amended by written agreement of the Parties.

VI. Source of Funding  
This MOU does not constitute a fiscal or funds obligating document either in advance of the availability of appropriations from Congress or when funds are available.  None of the activities outlined in this memorandum currently requires the exchange of funds, property or services between the Parties.  Each Party to this MOU recognizes the other’s responsibility to fund and carry out its own activities subject to, and to the extent made possible, by the availability of appropriated funds and no funds will be transferred under this MOU.  Any specific collaborative activities arising from this MOU that require transfer of funds shall be the subject of a separate agreement.  Any endeavor involving reimbursement or contribution of funds between the Parties to the MOU will be handled in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and procedures. Such endeavors will be outlined in separate interagency agreements that shall be made in writing by representatives of both Parties and shall be independently authorized by appropriate statutory authority. This MOU does not create an actual or implied intention, or requirement for any party to enter into a contract or an assistance agreement (e.g., grant or cooperative agreement).

VII. Points of Contact
The following individuals will serve as the Steering Committee and designated points of contact for this MOU:

EPA/OW:
Deborah G. Nagle
Office of Water
Office Director, Office of Science and Technology
1200 Pennsylvania Ave.  NW 
Mail Code 4304T
Washington, DC  20460
202-566-0328

HHS/FDA:
Dr. Douglas C. Throckmorton
Deputy Center Director for Regulatory Programs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
10903 New Hampshire Ave.
Silver Spring, MD  20903
301-796-5400

USDA/ARS:
Dr. Clinton Williams
Agricultural Engineer and Soil Scientist
US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center
21881 North Cardon Lane
Maricopa, AZ 85138
520-316-6379

DOI/USGS:
Anne Kinsinger
Associate Director, Ecosystems Mission Area, National Center 
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Reston, VA 20192
703-648-4051

Each Party may designate new Steering Committee representatives/points of contact at any time by notifying the other Parties in writing.  If, at any time, an individual designated as a Steering Committee representative under this agreement becomes unavailable to fulfill those functions, the representative’s Party will name a new representative within 2 weeks and notify the other Parties in writing.

 Approvals:
 

Approved and Accepted 
for the EPA/Office of Water

/s/
Deborah G. Nagle
Director
Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology
Date:  5/23/2022

Approved and Accepted
for the HHS/Food & Drug Administration
Signed by:  

/s/
Dr. Douglas C. Throckmorton
Deputy Director, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
Office of the Center Director
Date:  5/27/2022

Approved and Accepted 
for the USDA/Agricultural Research Service
Signed by:  

/s/
Mara Guttman
Authorized Departmental Officer
Agricultural Research Service
Date:  8/30/2022

Approved and Accepted
for the DOI/US Geological Survey 
Signed by:  

/s/
Anne E. Kinsinger
Associate Director for Ecosystems
US Geological Survey
Date:  6/2/2022

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 

ATTACHMENT

Model Language for Information Sharing Request from Participating Partner(s) to FDA
 

MOU Control No. ____________

This letter accompanies agency records that the [Participating Partner(s)] is sharing with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in response to FDA's request, dated __________. These agency records contain one or more of the following categories of nonpublic information, including information the public disclosure of which may be prohibited by law.

[Participating Partner(s)] checks applicable items below:

___    Trade secrets

___    Confidential commercial or financial information

___    Information the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy

___    Information subject to the Privacy Act Intra-agency records

___    Records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes 

___    Information protected for national security reasons

___    Other

FDA shall notify the appropriate office of the information-sharing agency if there are any attempts to obtain shared information by compulsory process, including but not limited to, Freedom of Information Act requests, subpoenas, discovery requests, and litigation complaints or motions.

FDA shall notify the information-sharing agency before complying with any judicial order that compels the release of such information that FDA and Partner(s) may take appropriate measures, including filing a motion with the court or an appeal.

[Party] has agreed, by this letter or e-mail and by a signed request letter dated _________________,
not to publicly disclose the above-described information without prior written permission of FDA. [Party] acknowledges that applicable laws and regulations may prohibit the disclosure of such information. See, e.g., 21 U.S.C. section 331(j); 18 U.S.C. section 1905, 21 C.F.R. Parts 20 and 21, 45 C.F.R. Parts 5 and 5b and 42 U.S.C. Section 241(d).

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